Emanuel Cleaver II (born October 26, 1944) is a United Methodist pastor and American politician who has represented Missouri’s 5th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives since 2005.

Cleaver represents a district that primarily consists of the inner ring of the Kansas City metropolitan area, including nearly all of Kansas City and some of its suburbs in Clay and Jackson counties, including North Kansas City, Gladstone, Independence, Lee’s Summit, and some of Blue Springs. He is a member of the Democratic Party, and chaired the Congressional Black Caucus from 2011 to 2013.

In his 10th term in Congress as of 2023, Cleaver previously served three terms on the Kansas City Council from 1979 to 1991, until he was elected mayor, serving two terms from 1991 to 1999.

Early life, education, and career

Emanuel Cleaver II was born on October 26, 1944, in Waxahachie, Texas.^[1] He grew up in public housing in Wichita Falls, Texas. He graduated from Prairie View A&M University, where he was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, in 1972.^[1][2] Cleaver then moved to Kansas City, Missouri, where he founded a branch of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference^[3] and received a Master of Divinity degree from St. Paul School of Theology.^[4]

Cleaver was the pastor at the St. James United Methodist Church in Kansas City, Missouri, from 1972 to 2009.^[5]

Kansas City councilman and mayor

Cleaver served as a Kansas City councilman from 1979 to 1991 and as mayor of Kansas City from 1991 until 1999.^[3] He was Kansas City’s first African American mayor.^[6]

David Helling, an opinion columnist for the Kansas City Star, wrote of Cleaver’s tenure as mayor: “Kansas City’s first African-American mayor defined the modern concept of the job: a professional staff, high visibility and a clear agenda. He was also a moral leader. His speech at a local rally after the Rodney King verdict averted a riot and was his finest moment. Yet Cleaver’s actual record as mayor is spotty. Tax and spending initiatives floundered at the polls, and City Hall scandal was common. The crime rate was far too high.”^[7]

Cleaver is a cousin of exiled Kansas City Black Panther leader Pete O’Neal. In 1997, Cleaver unsuccessfully attempted to obtain a pardon for O’Neal from President Bill Clinton.^[8] Cleaver is also a cousin of the late Eldridge Cleaver, another prominent figure in the Black Panther Party.^[9]

U.S. House of Representatives

After the compromise Budget Control Act deal had been reached to resolve the 2011 debt-ceiling crisis, Cleaver called the deal a “sugar-coated Satan sandwich”.^[10]

Committee assignments

• Committee on Financial Services
  • Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance (Ranking Member)
  • Subcommittee on Capital Markets

Caucus membership

• Congressional Black Caucus^[11]
• Congressional Coalition on Adoption^[12]
• Congressional Equality Caucus^[13]

Tenure

During his tenure, Cleaver has voted with the Democratic Party 95.8% of the time.^[14] He has been recognized as “not shy about earmarks” and has brought many federal tax dollars back to Kansas City.^[15] As of 2022, he had voted with President Joe Biden’s stated position 100% of the time, according to FiveThirtyEight.^[16]

Cleaver has called for ethics charges against fellow U.S. Representatives Charlie Rangel and Maxine Waters to be dropped, saying, “The process has been tainted.”^[17]

On December 18, 2019, Cleaver voted for both articles of impeachment against President Donald Trump and is one of only two Missouri House members to do so, along with Lacy Clay.^[18]

Office attack

On September 11, 2014, around 2:50 a.m., what appeared to be a Molotov cocktail was thrown through the window of Cleaver’s Kansas City office. He was in Washington D.C. at the time and no staff members were present during the attack.^[19]

Political campaigns

In late 2003, Karen McCarthy, who had represented the 5th congressional district since 1995, announced her retirement. Though he served in city government for 20 years, including eight as mayor, Cleaver initially posted weak numbers in the Democratic primary and general elections, but defeated former Clinton Administration official Jamie Metzl in the Democratic primary, 60%-40%. In the general election, Republican Jeanne Patterson made the race far more competitive than conventional wisdom would suggest for the district, which has long been reckoned as Missouri’s second-most Democratic district, behind the St. Louis-based 1st. The Democrats have held this seat for all but eight years since 1909, and without interruption since 1949. McCarthy won 65% of the vote in 2002.

2008 Democratic presidential primary election

During the 2008 Democratic presidential primaries, Cleaver endorsed Hillary Clinton.^[20] He claimed that African American superdelegates who supported Clinton were subjected to harassment, threatened with primary opponents and called “Uncle Tom.” He said they were told, “‘You’re not black if you’re not supporting Barack Obama‘ … It’s ugly.”^[21] On March 30, 2008, Cleaver said he realized he was on the losing team: “Even though I don’t expect the Kansas City Chiefs to beat the Indianapolis Colts, I cheer for the Kansas City Chiefs.”^[22] According to BlackMissouri.com.,^[23] U.S. Representative Jesse Jackson Jr. of Illinois asked Cleaver, “If it comes down to the last day and you’re the only superdelegate? … Do you want to go down in history as the one to prevent a black from winning the White House?” Cleaver said, “I told him I’d think about it.” Cleaver said during the primary he’d be shocked if Obama wasn’t the next president but made clear he still supported Clinton until she suspended her bid.

Political positions

Cleaver voted to provide Israel with support following 2023 Hamas attack on Israel.^[24][25]

Electoral history

Personal life

Emanuel Cleaver and his wife, Dianne, have four children. They reside in Kansas City.^[26]

In 2000, a road in Kansas City was renamed Emanuel Cleaver II Boulevard. The new route consisted of Brush Creek Blvd., E. 47th St., and the portion of Van Brunt Blvd. south of 31st St.^[27]

In 2012, Bank of America sued Emanuel and Dianne Cleaver and Cleaver Company LLC, alleging that the company had defaulted on a $1.46 million commercial real estate loan obtained a decade earlier for a Grandview car wash.^[28][29][30] In 2013, the lawsuit was settled.^[30] Cleaver’s congressional wages were garnished to repay the money owed.^[31]

In June 2023, Emanuel Cleaver officiated the wedding of fellow Democratic Congressman and former House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer, and Elaine Kamarck, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.^[32]

See also

• List of African-American United States representatives

References

External links

• Congressman Emanuel Cleaver II official U.S. House website
• Emanuel Cleaver for Congress
• Emanuel Cleaver at Curlie

• Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
• Legislation sponsored at the Library of Congress
• Profile at Vote Smart
• Appearances on C-SPAN